Understanding US charging networks & connector types
NACS versus CCS, Level 1, Level 2 and DC fast charging, and how the main US charging networks compare on access and pricing.
US charging is in the middle of a connector transition, which makes the terminology more confusing than it needs to be. Getting the basics straight decides which cars and which networks actually work for you.
This guide is a placeholder outline while we finish our full breakdown. The sections below cover what the finished article will explain in detail.
Charging levels
Charging speed is described in levels, and each suits a different situation.
- Level 1 — a standard household outlet; a few miles of range per hour, fine as a top-up only
- Level 2 — 240V home or public charging; typically a full overnight charge
- DC fast charging — roadside rapid charging, measured in kilowatts, for road trips
NACS versus CCS
Most automakers have committed to the Tesla-developed NACS connector, while many existing vehicles use CCS. Adapters bridge the gap in both directions, but native support matters for convenience and charging speed.
- NACS — Tesla's connector, now being adopted industry-wide
- CCS — the previous standard on most non-Tesla EVs
- CHAdeMO — legacy, mainly older Nissan Leafs
The main networks
Tesla Supercharger, Electrify America, EVgo and ChargePoint dominate public charging, with growing automaker-backed joint ventures alongside them. Pricing models differ between per-kWh, per-minute and membership rates.
Home charging first
As in every market, home Level 2 charging is what makes the running-cost case work. Utility rebates and time-of-use rates are covered in the incentives guides.
A network-by-network comparison is coming soon.
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